| Gasoline engines have the advantage over diesel | | | | can be made from agricultural crops. Brazil's |
| in being lighter and able to work at higher | | | | ethanol program provides about 20% of the |
| rotational speeds and they are the usual choice | | | | nation's automotive fuel needs, as a result of the |
| for fitting in high-performance sports cars. | | | | mandatory use of E25 blend of gasoline |
| Continuous development of gasoline engines for | | | | throughout the country, 3 million cars that operate |
| over a hundred years has produced | | | | on pure ethanol, and 6 million dual or flexible-fuel |
| improvements in efficiency and reduced | | | | vehicles sold since 2003.[17] that run on any mix |
| pollution.free articles directory | | | | of ethanol and gasoline. The commercial success |
| The carburetor was used on nearly all road car | | | | of "flex" vehicles, as they are popularly known, |
| engines until the 1980s but it was long realised | | | | have allowed sugarcane based ethanol fuel to |
| better control of the fuel/air mixture could be | | | | achieve a 50% market share of the gasoline |
| achieved with fuel injection. Indirect fuel injection | | | | market by April 2008.[18][19][20] |
| was first used in aircraft engines from 1909free | | | | Electric |
| articles directory | | | | Main articles: Electric car, Hybrid vehicle, and Plug-in |
| , in racing car engines from the 1930s, and road | | | | hybrid |
| cars from the late 1950s.[16] Gasoline Direct | | | | The Henney Kilowatt, the first modern |
| Injection (GDI) is now starting to appear in | | | | (transistor-controlled) electric car. |
| production vehicles such as the 2007 (Mark II) | | | | 2007 Tesla electric powered Roadster |
| BMW Mini. Exhaust gases are also cleaned up by | | | | Tata/MDI OneCAT Air Car |
| fitting a catalytic converter into the exhaust | | | | A CNG powered high-floor Neoplan AN440A, run |
| system.free articles directory | | | | on Compressed Natural Gas |
| Clean air legislation in many of the car industries | | | | The first electric cars were built around 1832, well |
| most important markets has made both catalysts | | | | before internal combustion powered cars |
| and fuel injection virtually universal fittings. Most | | | | appeared.[21] For a period of time electrics were |
| modern gasoline engines also are capable of | | | | considered superior due to the silent nature of |
| running with up to 15% ethanol mixed into the | | | | electric motors compared to the very loud noise |
| gasoline - older vehicles may have seals and | | | | of the gasoline engine. This advantage was |
| hoses that can be harmed by ethanol. With a | | | | removed with Hiram Percy Maxim's invention of |
| small amount of redesign, gasoline-powered | | | | the muffler in 1897. Thereafter internal |
| vehicles can run on ethanol concentrations as high | | | | combustion powered cars had two critical |
| as 85%. 100% ethanol is used in some parts of | | | | advantages: 1) long range and 2) high specific |
| the world (such as Brazil), but vehicles must be | | | | energy (far lower weight of petrol fuel versus |
| started on pure gasoline and switched over to | | | | weight of batteries). The building of battery |
| ethanol once the engine is running. Most gasoline | | | | electric vehicles that could rival internal combustion |
| engined cars can also run on LPG with the addition | | | | models had to wait for the introduction of |
| of an LPG tank for fuel storage and carburettor | | | | modern semiconductor controls and improved |
| modifications to add an LPG mixer. LPG produces | | | | batteries. Because they can deliver a high torque |
| fewer toxic emissions and is a popular fuel for | | | | at low revolutions electric cars do not require such |
| fork-lift trucks that have to operate inside | | | | a complex drive train and transmission as internal |
| buildings.free articles directory | | | | combustion powered cars. Some post-2000 |
| The hydrogen powered FCHV (Fuel Cell Hybrid | | | | electric car designs such as the Venturi Fétish |
| Vehicle) was developed by Toyota in 2005 | | | | are able to accelerate from 0-60 mph (96 km |
| Biofuels | | | | h) in 4.0 seconds with a top speed around |
| Main articles: Biofuel, Ethanol fuel, and biogasoline | | | | 130 mph (210 km/h). Others have a range of |
| Ethanol, other alcohol fuels (biobutanol) and | | | | 250 miles (400 km) on the United States |
| biogasoline have widespread use an automotive | | | | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) highway |
| fuel. Most alcohols have less energy per liter than | | | | cycle requiring 3-1/2 hours to completely |
| gasoline and are usually blended with gasoline. | | | | charge.[22] Equivalent fuel efficiency to internal |
| Alcohols are used for a variety of reasons - to | | | | combustion is not well defined but some press |
| increase octane, to improve emissions, and as an | | | | reports give it at around 135 miles per US gallon |
| alternative to petroleum based fuel, since they | | | | (1.74 L/100 km; 162 mpg-imp). |